This episode is part one of our three part series on the Charleston Church Massacre which occurred in Charleston, SC in 2015. In part one we cover the history of Charleston, black history in Charleston (especially regarding Christianity), and how Roof and others like him are radicalized into white supremacy.

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Case Updates Sources:

https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/10/12/hearing-set-consider-dna-testing-case-executed-man.html - Hearing Set to Consider DNA Testing in Case of Man Executed for Killing Marine - Military.com article by the Associated Press (October 12, 2019).

https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/128214/itali-marlowe-is-the-20th-trans-person-to-be-killed-in-the-us-this-year/ - Itali Marlowe is the 20th trans person to be killed in the US this year - Gay Times article by Sam Damshenas (October 10, 2019).

Episode Sources:

https://www.onthisday.com/date/2015 - 2015 Information

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina - Charleston, SC Wiki

https://motheremanuel.com/about-us/ - The AME Church website.

https://emanuelempowerment.org/ - Mother Emanuel Empowerment Center - MEEC website.

https://www.npr.org/2018/07/16/629424811/architect-unveils-design-for-mother-emanuel-ame-church-memorial - Architect Unveils Design For Emanuel AME Church Memorial - NPR article by Camila Domonoske (July 16, 2018).

A Short History of Charleston - Book by Robert Rosen (Second edition published in 1992).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gullah_Gullah_Island - Gullah Gullah Island Wikipedia page.

https://civilrightstrail.com/attraction/emanuel-ame-church/ - Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church page on the United States Civil Rights Trail website.

https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/06/08/481149042/how-a-shooting-changed-charlestons-oldest-black-church - How a Shooting Changed Charleston’s Oldest Black Church - NPR article by Debbie Elliot (June 8, 2016).

https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/18/415452594/mother-emanuel-church-suffers-a-new-loss-in-charleston - ‘Mother Emanuel’ Church Suffers A New Loss In Charleston - NPR article by Bill Chappell (June 18, 2015).

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/09/us/charleston-church-distributes-1-5-million-to-families-of-victims.html - Charleston Church Distributes $1.5 Million to Families of Victims - NYT article by The Associated Press (May 8, 2016).

https://discoversouthcarolina.com/products/3404 - Emanuel AME Church’s page on Discover South Carolina website.

https://www.postandcourier.com/news/special_reports/slavery-in-charleston-a-chronicle-of-human-bondage-in-the/article_54334e04-4834-50b7-990b-f81fa3c2804a.html - Slavery in Charelston: A chronicle of human bondage in the Holy City - The Post and Courier article by Brian Hicks (April 9, 2011).

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/10/us/dylann-roof-trial-charleston.html - Dylann Roof Is Sentenced to Death in Charleston Church Massacre - NYT article by Alan Blinder and Kevin Sack (January 10, 2017).

https://time.com/5647304/white-nationalist-terrorism-united-states/ - ‘We Are Being Eaten From Within.’ Why America Is Losing the Battle Against White Nationalist Terrorism - Time Magazine article by Vera Bergengruen and W.J. Hennigan (August 8, 2019).

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/04/el-paso-shooting-white-nationalist-supremacy-violence-christchurch - 'White power ideology': why El Paso is part of a growing global threat - Guardian article by Lois Beckett and Jason Wilson (August 5, 2019).

https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/08/conversation-christian-picciolini/595543/ - A Reformed White Nationalist Says the Worst Is Yet to Come - The Atlantic Article by Yara Bayoumy And Kathy Gilsinan (August 6, 2019).

https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-08-07/domestic-terrorism-white-supremacists-islamic-state-recruits - White supremacists and Islamic State recruits have more in common than you might think - LA Times article by Melissa Etehad (August 7, 2019).

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/27/us/thousands-gather-for-funeral-of-clementa-pinckney-in-charleston.html?module=inline - President Obama Eulogizes Charleston Pastor as One Who Understood Grace - The New York Times article by Kevin Sack and Gardiner Harris (June 25, 2015).

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/us/dylann-roof-shooting-charleston-south-carolina-church-video.html?module=inline - Jurors Hear Dylann Roof Explain Shooting in Video: ‘I Had to Do It’ - The New York Times article by Kevin Sack and Alan Blinder (December 9, 2016).

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/05/us/no-regrets-from-dylann-roof-in-jailhouse-manifesto.html?module=inline - No Regrets From Dylann Roof in Jailhouse Manifesto - The New York Times article by Kevin Sack and Alan Blinder (January 5, 2017).

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/14/us/dylann-roof-trial-charleston.html?module=inline - Spared by Gunman in Charleston, Churchgoer Describes Night of Terror - The New York Times article by Alan Blinder and Kevin Sack (December 14, 2016).

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/07/us/dylann-roof-trial.html?module=inline - Heart-Rending Testimony as Dylann Roof Trial Opens - The New York Times article by Kevin Sack and Alan Blinder (December 7, 2016).

https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/15/593799322/sister-of-charleston-shooter-dylann-roof-arrested-after-menacing-social-media-po - Sister Of Charleston Shooter Dylann Roof Arrested After Menacing Social Media Post - NPR article by Scott Neuman (March 15, 2018).

https://www.gq.com/story/dylann-roof-making-of-an-american-terrorist - A Most American Terrorist: The Making of Dylann Roof - GQ article by Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah (August 21, 2017).

https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/2/7/18215634/dylann-roof-charleston-church-shooter-bowl-gang - An online subculture celebrating the Charleston church shooter appears to be inspiring copycat plots - Vox article by Zack Beauchamp (February 7, 2019).

https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/charleston-church-shooting/charleston-shooter-dylann-roof-moved-death-row-terre-haute-federal-n749671 - Charleston Shooter Dylann Roof Moved to Death Row in Terre Haute Federal Prison - NBC News article by Avalon Zoppo (April 22, 2017).

https://www.postandcourier.com/news/now-that-capital-punishment-is-back-dylann-roof-s-execution/article_764cb004-af0c-11e9-b949-a7d20c2c791a.html - Now that capital punishment is back, Dylann Roof’s execution can move forward - The Post and Courier article by Michael Majchrowicz and Gregory Yee Mmajchrowicz (July 25, 2019).

https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/31/us/dylann-roof-survivors-lawsuit/index.html - Families of Dylann Roof victims can sue US government, court rules - CNN article by Jay Croft (August 31, 2019).

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dylann-roof-drove-second-black-church-charleston-shooting/ - Dylann Roof drove toward second black church after Charleston shooting, prosecutors say - CBS News article (February 22, 2017).

https://www.apnews.com/f56b7776bbd940ecaee34845fca86da6 - Appeals court reinstates lawsuit in SC church shooting case - AP article by Denise Lavoie (August 30, 2019).

https://www.gq.com/story/dylann-roof-making-of-an-american-terrorist - Episode Image

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Intro Music:

She-Wolf In My Heart (bonus) by Sergey Cheremisinov is licensed under a Attribution License.

Outro Music:

Trio for Piano Violin and Viola by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.

Murder Down South